Summary of Summer of my German Soldier :: essays research papers

In the town of Jenkinsville, Arkansas, twelve-year-old Patty Bergen witnesses Nazis being taken to a prison camp. When she runs off to her familys store, her father does not depend enth utilise. Pattys parents do not treat her the way she wishes to be treated. Still, she tries to show her parents love. mavin day at the department store, a group of Nazis pose in to buy straw hats to protect them from the sun as they work in fields. Only one, Frederick Anton Reiker, speaks English. He and Patty have a nice conversation. He wishes to be called Anton. Before he leaves, he asks for a fake diamond pin. Patty is confused, but she sells it to him anyway.Pattys father has forbidden her from hanging reveal with Freddy Dowd. One day when her father is not home, he sits next to her on the sidewalk. They play a game, Hit the Hubcap, where a person must throw a stone at a passing cars hubcap. The window of the first car is accidentally broken. Pattys father finds her and beats her.One night Pat ty sees Anton running to the station. She runs after him and he agrees to hide above her garage, a secret hiding place. When she brings him food, they get to know each other. Patty leans that Anton used the gaudy pin to escape from prison. He told a guard with financial problems that the pin was worth five thousand dollars. The guard took the pin and Anton was free.The F.B.I. was bothered with Antons escape. At the department store, they questioned Patty. A reporter, Charlene Madlee, takes Patty along as she interviews the prison camp. After going home and bringing food to Anton, Patty stays outside. Freddy Dowd comes at the wrong time, and Pattys father chases after her. As she is being beat, she sees Anton running to her father. Patty yells at him to go away, and he backs into the garage. Ruth, the housekeeper, sees him and the next day, she questions who it is. Patty readily explains that he is the escaped soldier but doesnt act like a Nazi. Ruth promises that she will not tell. She has Patty and Anton eat. She soon joins them, and they have a long conversation. It is quickly stopped when they hear a car. Anton rushes to hide under Pattys bed. It was only a neighbor with a question.

The Disadvantages Of Standardized Testing Essay -- High-Stakes Standard

Standardized tests must be improved. Instead of traditional standardized testing, random testing should be put in place and tests themselves should be speculate to promote fairness, reduce errors and and more accurately assess students knowledge. Testing should be done to random groups of students on random dates throughout the year. thither will be a large enough group of students to give a good idea of how well material is being taught but a small enough group that not everyone needs to take the test. charmering is a major problem with standardized tests. deceit leads to inaccurate test hit (Dolezalek 71). In many cases of it is the teachers that are the ones riging. About 10 percent of the teachers admitted to providing hints active the answers during the test administration about 10 percent pointed out mismarked items by students about 15 percent of the teachers provided more time for the test than was allowed and about 5 percent of the teachers engaged in instruction du ring the test (Dolezalek 73). Teachers can also cheat by altering finished tests by filling in blank answers or fixing the answers at the end of the test which tend to be the hardest (Dolezalek 75). Teachers are often pushed by administrators who also cheat for their schools. In July 2011 the Georgia Bureau of Investigation released a report on the Atlanta Public Schools charging a far-flung cheating conspiracy over a ten year period by 178 teachers, principals and administrators to fix answers on the statewide competency test ( tweet Caused Teachers to Cheat). The fact that federal budgets can be determined by tests causes some schools and states to cheat (Dolezalek 76). Schools cheat because the system for determining budgets makes n... ...argets Has Caused Teachers to Cheat. Standardized Testing. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from GBI Reveals Why Cheating Occurred in Atlanta Public Schools. Teacher World. 10 July 2011. Opposing Viewpoints i n Context. Web 4 March 2014.Why Can Some Kids Handle the Pressure While Others Fall Apart? The New York Times. The New York Times, 6 Feb. 2013. Web. 10 March 2014. Why Standardized Tests Dont Measure educational Quality. ASCD. Educational Leadership, March 1999. Web. 10 March 2014. Walberg, Herbert J. Standardized Tests Effectively Measure Student Achievement. Standardized Testing. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. of Stop the War Against Standardized Tests. Defining Ideas A clean Institution Journal. (20 May 2011). Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 7 March 2014.

Paris in the 1920’s †“The Lost Generation” Essay -- History France Pa

genus Paris in the 1920s The Lost Generation Between the end of the original World War and Hitlers seizure of power a cultural explosion occurred in Paris that altered our notions of art and reality and shaped our way of reckon the world ever since. In the 1920s, Paris became the undisputed international capital of pleasure and was regarded as the cultural and artistic center of Europe with a written report for staging one of its most glamorous eras, as well as most of the most spectacular revues in the world. Imagine for a moment, that it really is 1920s Paris. You are leisurely strolling through the gas lit promenades. World War I is over and the exuberance of jazz musicians, symbolist painters, and American expatriates fills the City of Light with a buzz as sharp as electricity. The city revolves around nothing more than caf life, drinking, and dining. A young, American man enters a small, smoky caf that is popular among opposite expatriates. He is the wor ld-famous novelist, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and he sits down next to Ernest Hemingway. The two authors begin a friendship that characterizes the artistic culture of 1920s Paris an era described by Gertrude beer mug as where the twentieth century was. Finding two artists like Fitzgerald and Hemingway pleasantly chatting together in a random bookstore or caf in 1920s Paris was not unusual. Paris swarmed with a number of intellectuals, poets, and artists who had fled America seeking a less materialistic and more uncomplicated lifestyle. Paris was the center of it all. It became a elevation ground for the arts and for some of Americas greatest authors, including F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, E.E. Cummings, John Dos Passos, Ezra ... ...N/A. Searching for Ernest Hemingways Paris. http//www.thaiair.com/flying/aroundworld/aroundworld-06.htm. Around the World with Thai Airways International. This is a best site because it talks a lot about how Er nest Hemingway saw Paris during the time he was living there, so you can get a devout picture of it yourself. It also talks a little bit about modern day Paris and some of the historical places that still remain now from the 1920s.N/A. http//easyweb.easynet.co.uk/garychapman/paris.html. (Home Page) I thought this was a neat site to include because it describes the fashion and costume design of the 1920s in Paris. There are some good pictures to look at that help you to get a better idea of how Parisian women typically dressed. However, it only focuses on one woman, Dolly Tree, so it is a bit limited.

Explain giving examples how Woolworths should go about HR Planning? :: Business and Management Studies

Explain giving examples how Woolworths should go about HR prep ardness?Human Resource Planning (HR) is the identification of the futurelabour requirements needed by a company and how these are going to bemet. It is the process by which a company ensures that it has theright number and kind of people, in the right places at the righttime, doing the things for which they are economically most useful. Itis a method for determine future human race resource requirements anddeveloping action plans to meet them. It is defined as a strategy forthe requisition, utilization, improvement and retention of anenterprises human resources and it encompasses the subject concernedwith the developing range of manpower policies, including those forrecruitment, deployment, development and retention. The use of HRplanning is a big issue for any company if they are to have enough faculty to meet the future demand that the company may receive.The main issues to do with HR planning at Woolworths is that th ecompany has a high labour turnover with many people moving on to ahigher status job and the idea that people do non really want to workfor the company which has resulted in large numbers of staff leavingthe company. This is mainly due to a large number of the staff beingpart time students who are looking for temporary employment whilstthey are finished their A level or decree courses.The four stages of HR planning that the bank line will need to considerare* Stock taking* Forecasting the supply of labour* Forecasting the demand for employees* Implementation and check overThe first stage of HR planning that Woolworths will need to consideris the use of the Labour stock take. The purpose of the labour stocktake is to bechance out exactly how many staff that the company hasavailable to them after taking into consideration the number of staffthat are leaving the company and the prime(prenominal) of the staff available tothe company. When using a labour stock take, Woolworths shoul d use acombination of job analysis and performance review, the use of askills scrutinise will be of little benefit to the business as this methodassesses the skills and qualifications of the employee and littlequalification is needed to work in the retail area that the businessoperates in, a combination of the performance review, this involveslooking at the performance of all the employees within theorganisation in order to learn staff potential and to identifywhere staff have more training needs. This will enable the businessto. The use of the job analysis will enable the business enables the

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

stillbirth has been around since ancient times as a crude rule of birth control. Many religions during this time forbade the practice of abortion. Abortion was not illegal in nigh countries until the 19th century. The law against abortion during this time period forbade the purpose after fetal movement could be felt. moreover in the 20th century many nations began to relax their laws against abortion. Today, all types of abortions be legal except the partial birth abortion, which will be described later. This procedure is only allowed if the fetus is showing severe deformities. An abortion is the termination of pregnancy before birth, resulting in, or accompanied by, the death of the fetus(Encarta Encyclopedia). Not all abortions atomic number 18 intentional- these are specified as miscarriages. A miscarriage is when the fetus does not develop properly or the mother has some type of injury or disorder that is harmful to the fetus and causes it to die. I will go into great deta il about the abortions that are induced, because the pregnancy is unwanted or gets a health risk to the mother.There are different types of procedures that are used determining the length of the pregnancy. The age of the fetus, or the length of the pregnancy establishes the method that is chosen. The first method uses two drugs that when instal together cause the death of the fetus. Misoprostol and methotrexate, an anticancer drug, interfere with cell division. A doctor first injects the pregnant women with the drug methotrexate, and then a week later misoprostol. Misoprostol lead to uterine contractions and forces out the fetus. This combination is 95 percent effective is most women who consume them. Yet, with most drugs they cause side effects. The most common side effects are nausea, cramping, and bleeding. There are more serious side effects such as, arrhythmia, edema, and pneumonia, which affect the heart and lungs and further causes death. In the first four to six weeks of pregnancy, the procedure called preemptive abortion is done. Which corresponds with the method done the first six to eight weeks, early uterine evacuation. Both these procedures are done by the insertion of a narrow tube called a cannula into the cervix and then into the uterus. The cannula is then attached to a suction device, which could be a syringe or somethin... ...a Catholic high school I was taught the laws of the Church. Yet, I dont know if I would be able to follow those laws if I was presented with that situation at this time in my life.I also feel that even if laws are passed making abortion illegal, it will still be present in our world. People will find a way to have the procedure done. Whether in a dark alley, or in a dependant doctors office with a doctor whos looking to make some extra cash. Once the idea is put into someones mind, it will never disappear. Someone will always be willing g to provide you, the women, with the procedure. This is also the case with man y worldwide issues today. Such as, euthanasia, racism, and certain(prenominal) drug use. I know I sound as if I am contradicting myself by saying no you shouldnt kill because it is morally wrong, even if I were to get pregnant I would seriously consider having an abortion. It really boils down to one point- I am not ready for such a problem. I do not have the authority to take someones life away from them, which is only to be decided by graven image but Im not ready to bring a child into this world either. For now on I will be cautious, and put great thought into my decisions.

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

Abortion has been around since ancient times as a crude method of birth control. Many religions during this time forbade the course session of abortion. Abortion was not illegal in most countries until the 19th century. The law against abortion during this time period forbade the procedure after fetal movement could be felt. However in the 20th century many nations began to relax their laws against abortion. Today, all(prenominal) types of abortions are legal except the partial birth abortion, which will be exposit later. This procedure is only allowed if the fetus is showing severe deformities. An abortion is the termination of pregnancy before birth, resulting in, or accompanied by, the death of the fetus(Encarta Encyclopedia). Not all abortions are intentional- these are specified as miscarriages. A miscarriage is when the fetus does not develop properly or the mother has some type of blur or disorder that is harmful to the fetus and causes it to die. I will go into great deta il about the abortions that are induced, because the pregnancy is unwanted or presents a health risk to the mother.There are different types of procedures that are used determining the length of the pregnancy. The age of the fetus, or the length of the pregnancy establishes the method that is chosen. The branch method uses two drugs that when put together cause the death of the fetus. Misoprostol and methotrexate, an anticancer drug, interfere with cell division. A doctor first injects the pregnant women with the drug methotrexate, and and then a week later misoprostol. Misoprostol lead to uterine contractions and forces out the fetus. This combination is 95 percent effective is most women who consume them. Yet, with most drugs they cause status effects. The most common side effects are nausea, cramping, and bleeding. There are more serious side effects much(prenominal) as, arrhythmia, edema, and pneumonia, which affect the heart and lungs and get on causes death. In the first four to six weeks of pregnancy, the procedure called preemptive abortion is done. Which corresponds with the method done the first six to eight weeks, early uterine evacuation. both(prenominal) these procedures are done by the insertion of a narrow tube called a cannula into the cervix and then into the uterus. The cannula is then attached to a suction device, which could be a syringe or somethin... ...a Catholic high school I was taught the laws of the Church. Yet, I dont know if I would be able to note those laws if I was presented with that situation at this time in my life.I also feel that even if laws are passed making abortion illegal, it will still be present in our world. People will find a way to have the procedure done. Whether in a dark alley, or in a certified doctors office with a doctor whos looking to make some extra cash. Once the idea is put into souls mind, it will never disappear. Someone will always be willing g to provide you, the women, with the procedure. This is also the case with many worldwide issues today. such(prenominal) as, euthanasia, racism, and certain drug use. I know I sound as if I am contradicting myself by saying no you shouldnt kill because it is virtuously wrong, yet if I were to get pregnant I would seriously consider having an abortion. It really boils down to one point- I am not ready for such a problem. I do not have the authority to take someones life away from them, which is only to be decided by God but Im not ready to bring a child into this world either. For now on I will be cautious, and put great thought into my decisions.

Early Exposure of Poor Filipino Children in Drudgery

Thesis Statement The variant forms of electric razor patience exploitation or harmful lying-in bugger off negative emotional, physical or affable impact on tike beat backers in the Philippines. I. origin clawhood is the closely b be stage in human life. It is the phase of life wherein a five-year-oldster is learning new things, fun-loving, free from each tensions and is the sweetheart of all family members. But this is only genius side of the story. The other is full of trem markous problems and burdens. In this case, the innocent peasant is non the sweetheart of the family, instead, he/ she is an earning machine stimulateing(a) the full day n influence to satisfy the needs and wants of his/ her family. This is what we call pincer labor. there ar various causes and effects of sister labor that could totally affect or flush damage minorrens lives. The consequences of tiddler labor to a barbarian privy be numerous and crippling on his/ her physical, ment al and emotional state. It can seriously hamper the well being of a infant who is suppositional to get a sound education and nutrition to develop into a rosy adult. 1Child labor is horrible. These clawren get hurt, maimed, even kil direct. And guess what? Most kids in schools dont even c be.That is why we need to learn about it in school. To make a difference. It is important to speak about the practice of abusive and exploitative child labor in order for us to be aware of these cases. Although most of the child makeers do get the privilege of education, most end up being dropouts and repeaters because they are not able to focus on their studies. By becoming aware of the consequences that the child workers mogul face from their situations, we shall become nimble by fighting its cause and therefore contribute towards the goal of eliminating the child labor cases in our country. II. AnalysisA. Historical Background Child labor can be traced to the period of industrialization. It is believed that between 1780 and 1840, child exploitation was a foregone practice. It was common to find children working in factories, farms and mills. Some children started working as holidaymaker guides some worked as waiters or even set up small shops. Worst forms of child exploitation included military use of children and child prostitution. Families led lives which were manipulated by their employers. They would work for more(prenominal) than 72 moments a week for company owned amenities corresponding goods and houses and for a small fall in.Many anti-child labor movements were organize and led by working women and middle class consumers. However, even today some cases of child labor in the Philippines are not registered due to different reasons. Although the country has made remarkable strides to stop child labor, it still exists. The fight is still ongoing. According to the Inter matter Labor Organization, the number of working children is increasing daily. ugl y but true, children are still being exploited in sweatshops. B. Literature Review Children as a Source of Labor 1. Unpaid Household piss The most common unpaid work within the household and overly ost common across all types of unpaid work was household work with activities much(prenominal) as cooking, laundry, ironing, cleaning and gardening. The researchers effect out that three-fourths of the children under took household work. Parents of the children who work within the household work hand their time to relax and parents jimmy this as there rest day. In this case, children usually learn their task from their parents or older siblings. 2. Children as Income Earning Assets From interviewing some labourers, the researchers make up out that galore(postnominal) of child workers do not even experience about their salary.Because parents or other relatives were the ones connive with the employer, mostly relative rather than the child workers are the recipient of financial rem une ration. Even when the child workers receive the financial remuneration, many of them send the money to their parents and they would get little benefit. Although they know keeping some portion of the money with them leave alone help in times of need. III. Child Labor in the Philippines A. Different Faces of Child Labor Child labor is an emotional issue, not only because many business is made large profit by exploiting children for extremely low wage but in addition ecause children were being deprived of education that would allow them to rectify and make their life better. We pitch policies and programs that help the victims of child labor, however, it still couldnt help the fact that its still growing until now, there is still argument dealing with child labor. Annually, the numbers of child labor victims is increasing. on the job(p) on a dangerous and hazardous job is the only way to help their family when it comes to expenses. Every shift, they face the most difficult tri als in life. Everyday they experience loss of life, limb and innocence. Child labor victims are lso unfastened to dirty jobs. Blacksmiths, tinsmiths, foundry work, glass factories, cotton and framework mills, coal mines and fields and child prostitution are some of the common jobs that young children are engage in. Being exposed to these dirty activities, children are inclined to bacteria viruses so they have a higher possibility of getting sick they withal experience many dangers when it comes to their job-child trafficking, especially for girls, often end up imprisoned in rooms, watched by arm guards, starve, beaten and rape by their own recruiters or captors. Children have to bear anything to survive their situation.B. Reasons of its Rapid Growth Child labor has grown to be a topic of widespread debate. It has many favorable and unfavorable points of view. In any case, child labor should be undone as it is harmful to the health of the children, it is an obstacle to their educ ation, and it denies them a happy childhood. there are reasons why this dilemma is growing rapidly. One of this is the children work to help deliver off a loan incurred by the family. For instance, a parent trade their child for money or because it gives them a wealthy life in change. The children from short(p) families in developing countries cannot study.Their parents cannot afford their school and study expenditures. Poor families are normally very large, and the bread earner is the male head who single-handedly cannot flirt the needs of each member. Poverty hinders the children to do whatever they want. Every child has the just to the most basic of necessities in life like a healthy environment, formal education, and most importantly, a loving family to come home to. Parents are forced to send the little children into hazardous jobs for the reason of survival, even though they know it is wrong. Illiterate and ignorant parents do not understand the need for roper physical an d emotional development of their child. They dont pay enough charge to their responsibilities and that is why they dont care about the education for their child. Adult unemployment and urbanization in any case causes child labor. Adults often find it difficult to find jobs because pulverization owners find it more beneficial to employ children at cheap rates. One of these examples is the garment factories. The industrial revolution has also a negative effect by giving rise to circumstances which encourages child labor. Sometimes multinationals prefer to employ child workers in developing countries because they could work long nd can pay in a small wage. C. Childrens Rights (Regarding Child Labor) The childrens right is categorized into three by a Canadian organization. The first group is the provision. It representation that children should have the right to live and should receive their fundamental needs in life. It also convey that children must have an adequate home, right am ount of forage to eat, should be engaged in a good lifestyle, health care, education to learn and to play. Next is the protection. The child should enjoy his/her protection. The child should be given the opportunities and a right facility. They should beFree from harm and clapperclaw. Last is the participation. It signifies that the children should have the chance to join different programs and services that are accommodating to them. They also have the right to participate to other activities and facilities in their community. D. Number of Child Laborers The percentage of young people in Philippines between the age of five and seventeen is about 33 percent of its total population which comes to about 22. 4 million. This is a large number considering that Philippines is a young nation. Between the ages of 5 to 7 age, one in every six children has to work to arn a living and help reserve his or her family. This astounding fact tells us that around sixteen percent of young childre n in Philippines are working. Child Labor is prevalent in mining, production, farming, and deep sea fishing industries and many children are also working as house servant workers. Based on the 2000 descry of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and case Statistics Office (NSO) and studies by the Bacolod-based research group Center for Investigative Research and multimedia Services (CIRMS), around four million or 16. 2 percent of the 24. 9 million Filipino children (aged five to 17 years) work.This reflects a significant summation from the 1995 ILO and NSO surveys wherein 3. 6 million child workers were documented. The age group of 10-14 years accounted for 48 percent of the working children while the age group of 15-17 years accounted for 46 percent. There were more child male workers than child female workers. The gender ratio showed 173 male child workers for every speed of light child female workers. Based on geographic distribution, about 70 percent child laborers were found in rural areas and only 30 percent in urban areas. Urban-based child workers were a little older than their rural counterparts the average age of urban- ased child workers is 15 while the rural average age is 14. E. Working Hours The average number of working hours of children in productive activities was 28 per week. One-third of the children involve in productive activities for more than 35 hours per week. The intensity of work in productive activities was higher for boys(33 hours) than girls(26 hours). The survey also revealed that the highest proportion of children involve in these activities worked about 3-5 hours per day. IV. shock of Child Labor in Childrens Lives A. Short-term Impact Most of the child workers analyse were from poor families and ommunities, and this was reflected in their overall community health norm. Nevertheless, no significant differences in height and weight were obvious between working and non-working children from the same communities. true wo rk situations were shown to affect the child workers health in specific ways. The hazards the children were exposed to were found to be place, work, and gender related. The NSO survey showed that about 30, 000 children had reported having suffered from work-related injuries/illnesses. Majority of these lived in the rural areas, especially in Region VII, ARMM, and Region X. Their most common njuries reported were cuts/wounds/punctures. Some illnesses/injuries reported were such that 3 in every 100 had to stop working and 50% had to temporarily stop working. Schistosomiasis, fatigue, backache, wounds, and over-exposure to the sun were related to agricultural work. Sleeplessness was reported in night fishing and garments manufacturing. Thypoid, gastro-enteritis, beriberi, respiratory ailments (TB, bronchitis and pneumonia), headaches, fever, coughs, dysentery, ruptured eardrums, and damage auditory nerves were reported in deep sea diving. Fatal accidents such as drowning were reported in sea-related work.In manufacturing, skin and respiratory illnesses check of the nervous system due to chemicals headaches backaches leg cramps allergies and eyestrain were reported. Sun over-exposure was reported in stonecraft work. Accidents in manufacturing were due to cuts, punctures, and bone mashing. In services, exposure to environmental hazards and highroad accidents in street trades, colds, cough, STDs for prostituted children, harassment and threats to the body and life were reported. The NSO reported that while boys suffered more from the effects of hazardous work, illnesses such as body aches/pains were more common among emales, and more females also contracted skin rashes/diseases. Other studies showed that since there were more girls found in prostitution, they were also more prone to STDs. B. Long-term Impact Child labor has big array of effect on children. Some are see to affect them for a long period of time. When children dont go to school and learn, the possi bility of excelling in life is lessened because they might not know anything. They only have little knowledge. Hazardous jobs can also affect their health. Several conditions are very life threatening and can affect their life until hey grow up. They might acquire some diseases that is incurable and lasts for a long time. They might also get themselves in accidents that would totally injure them physically, mentally and emotionally. They might get used to it, making their mindset more mature, not thinking about their freedom as a child and making them brainwashed zombies. V. The Economic History of Child Labor A. Early Industrialization and the appointment of Children Children in the Philippines, especially those who belong to low- income families are bound to an early participation in economic activities. At very oung ages, they are trained to help in household chores and, for many whose parents income cannot cover the needs of their families, contribute to be a family worker. Hen ce by the time they reach adolescence, most of them are well versed with the realities of the Philippine labor merchandise. Young as they are, working adolescents are highly subjected to abuse and exploitation as they engage themselves in a variety of work, under varying conditions. Those working on the streets or scavenging as well as those trapped in the prostitution industry are exposed to violence and to threats to their moral development and health.Those engaged in domestic service are often isolated and may suffer physical and sexual abuse. Working adolescents in home based industries often work in poor, even unsafe conditions. Working adolescents can be found in practically all sectors of the economy. They cut across major occupational groups and cover a wide range of economic activities. In general, however, working male adolescents are concentrated in non-domestic occupations like wood working, fishing, hauling, scavenging and newspaper selling. On the other hand, working female adolescents are commonly into domestic work, sidewalk vending and in industries requiring anual dexterity, such as embroidery work in sewing. In rural areas, adolescents work for large plantations like vegetable and rice farms. Those in urban areas may be found in the retail trade and in services and small-scale manufacturing enterprises. Of those in the industry sector, majority are engaged in the manufacturing sub sector, while those in the services sector are mostly found in the personal services and trade sub sectors. B. The Child Labor Market 1. Supply of Child doers As we know, human are one of the most abundant things in our planet. We can see humans of different races to the highest degree everywhere.Children have higher ratio than adults, especially in the Philippines. So, there is no problem in finding children to train for work. Child workers are scattered everywhere. There are so many cases of child labor, either legal or illegal. In the Philippines, child worke rs are seen everywhere, even in the dangerous streets of Metro Manila. It seems that they have invaded this region. They are like ants because of their huge number. Some are vendors of certain things like toys, foods, service and other commodities. Our country seems to have an unlimited supply of child workers. Where all these children coming from?Well, judging from biologic aspects of the human race, they came from their parents after a night of love. There are only few ways of reducing these big numbers because it is a natural wait on and it is bad to fight nature. The only way to reduce it is through discipline. Now, we are having an unlimited supply of child workers. 2. Demand of Child Workers Why is there so many child workers on the road? Many people hire children because of the advantages they get. One of the reason is the childs energy. Children seem to be energetic even though they are tired after a long days work.We, costumers pity the children and because of that we buy from them. Syndicates like to hire children because of their charming look as well as their helpless look. So, if people would buy from them, they will just advertise and promote child workers. These had been a big demand for child workers because of these reasons. Children have a high demand in the market today because of their amazing qualities and capabilities. VI. Government Agencies and Laws A. Government Agencies 1. Department of Labor and Employment ( pogey) The Dole has numerous programs whose goal is to reduce the incidence of child labor. Example of which are as follows . Coordination of pogey ad the International Program for the Elimination of Child Labor (ILO- IPEC). b. Studies such as the Gender Statistics on Labor and Employment (GSLE) generates data on working children c. The Philippine Program Against Child Labor d. Projects such as strengthening national capacities to support the Philippine program against child labor e. Partnership of DOLE with UNICEF 2. Departme nt Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) DSWD as mandated by the national organization has waged war against child labor. Programs such as the following were implemented a. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) b.Regional Sub-committee for the welfare of children (RSCNC) which one sees and monitors the personality of local councils for the protection of children. c. DSWD- provided educational assistance, skills, develop and livelihood assistance. 3. Philippine National police (PNP) The PNP is the enforcers of laws appertaining child labor. PNP started their crack down on muro-ami an illegal method of fishing that more often than not, exploits minors. B. Non- Government Agencies 1. kindness Compassion is a child development center that sponsors children and provide them with food, shelter, education and health care as well asChristian trainings. It is a Christian child advocacy ministry that releases children from spiritual, economic, social and physical poverty and encourage them to become responsible, fulfilled Christian adults. 2. Bantay Bata 163 This is a social welfare program of the ABS-CBN Foundation. It aims to protect separate and at risk children through a nationwide network of social service. Among these services, the national emergency hotline163 which allows people to call and report incidence of child abuse exploitation and neglect. C. Laws 1. RA 9231 A. special protection of children against child abuse, exploitation nd discrimination. Act No. 1-08-employer/ youth aged 15 to less than 18 years old. 2. RA 9208 An act to institute police to eliminate by picking in person especially women and children, establishing the necessary institutional mechanism for the protection and support for trafficked persons, providing penalties for its violation. VII. Summary This research study is all about he current situation of child labor here in the Philippines. Our research discusses the factors affecting child labor as well as the child. It also touche s certain topics that would help the authorities to come up with a trategic plan to decrease or might eliminate the presence of child labor in our country. This research exposed what might have been the origin of child labor in the Philippines. The economic term of our country with regards to the issue of child labor is also included. It tackles the effect of early exposure to drudgery in children, parents and in the country. This research also contains the result of our upstart interview/ survey to the public. The questionnaire includes a variety of questions about their background, jobs, family, and the like. The results also provide proof that our country is in a ituation where in the issue, child labor, is almost hold in us. This research is bound together with the statistics of child workers. This states the different ways a child could work. Laws, government and non-government agencies governing over child labor is also included within this research. The opinions of the res earchers are also stated in this research. The stand of the researchers in the issue is also indicated. The outcome of the different actions of the agencies bear on is stated and turn up by the researchers. The whole research is mainly about the current situation and effects of child labor to the Philippines and he actual effects of it to the children. VIII. Conclusion On the whole, the decade had brought forth a rich and comprehensive body of literature on child labor. These studies cover the more or less in-depth picture of child workers personal characteristics. Our study recounts the historical experience of child labor in the Philippines and shows that childrens labor had been utilized and exploited in the Philippines. Child labor is a human right issue of immense sensitivity. To sum up, Philippines consider it highly inappropriate when a child below 18 years of age is ensnare to work. People should be prohibited from hiring children.Advocacy to eliminate child labor is not just the simple reduction of child labor in the work place. It is important to realize that there is not one simple answer to this vastly complicated issue. Hazardous work has been deemed as one of the worst forms of child labor and is therefore in need of immediate abolition. 2Every child deserves a reason to laugh. Child laborers live and work in such poor conditions that their lips would probably crack if they smile. The elimination of child labor must pay attention to the conditions that have created the poverty which has spawned child labor. The link between the forces hat have created poverty and the factors leading to child labor go beyond community and national boundaries, and must be understood,, articulated and engaged. Let us all do what we can now, to eliminate child labor by advocating and ensuring that communities will survive, so that children today and in the future can start to take back their childhood. IX. Recommendations after completing this research weve final ly come to this part. Based on the outcome of our research, we recommend that the parents of the child laborers should strive harder in order to sustain their family needs because this is one of the ajor reasons why children work in spite their young age. The government should also pay attention and make more laws that penalize and criminalize parents and employers who are involved in this issue because nowadays we only have about 7 laws regarding this issue, which shows that it still needs improvement. The laws also have some flows which night lead to injustice. The children should also be careful in working because there are lots of things that could happen to them. They should also fight for their rights because sometimes, there are severely violated by their parents/ employers. Bibliography BooksDel Rosario, Rosario and Melinda Bonga. (2000) Child Labor in the Philippines A Review of Selected Studies and Policy Papers Manila, Philippines Adolescents in the Labor Force Institute for Labor Studies- Dep of Labor and Employment Manila, Philippines Websites http//international. uiowa. edu/centars/human-rights/documents/hazardous_child_labor. pdf http//EzineArticles. com/? undecomposed=ThesaSambas www. emailprotected gov. ph www. dole. gov. ph Dedication We highly dedicate this research works to all child workers and government agencies that are concerned in child labor cases in our country. It is known to s that there is a rapid growth of child workers who are supposed to be in the environment of a schoolroom rather than roaming the streets and risking every chance, time and time again, to earn money. It is with this thought in mind that we became more determined to continue our research study in order for the government to begin putting an end to child labor in the Philippines. Our thanks to all, who generously contributed their insights. Without their help, this research paper would never have been executable. -The Researchers Acknowledgement We, the esth etical metamorphosis group, would like to express our deepest ppreciation to our very own, Miss mare Purificacion R. Razon, who introduced us the real essence of being a student by making it achievable for us to do our very first research paper. The entire team owes a debt of gratitude to a number of individuals who ably assisted in the development of this research. We would like to recognize Mr. Edwin Estioco, our consultant and reviser, for his helpful insights, advise, inspiration and selfless voluntary service to the successful completion of this project. We also extend our enormous appreciation to Mr. Exxon Susmirano, DSWD Social worker, Mrs. MinieAverilia, DOLE Worker and KGWD Ray Fajardo of Brgy. Kamuning, for providing us their truthful answers to our survey questions. We also are grateful to our families. Their support and guidance has enabled us to function effectively throughout the entire project period. And last, but never least, we honor our Almighty God who served a s our team leader and thoughtful guide and for the unwavering support which make it possible for us to develop this research paper. -The Researchers EARLY EXPOSURE OF POOR FILIPINO CHILDREN IN DRUDGERY A Research Paper Presented to The Class of Miss Maria Purificacion R.Razon Don Alejandro Roces Sr. Science-Technology High School In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Subject English IV By Amelia Fermia Carlos Leniel Origenes Rolyn Claire Maun IV-Gold Jenella Christine Palomar Sharmina Monic Allarde Kevin Baybay IV-Aluminum Emmanuel Caperal IV-Vanadium December 13, 2010 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Analysis A. Historical background B. Literature review 1. Children as a source of labor a. Unpaid household work b. Children as income earning assets III. Child labor in the Philippines A. Different faces of child labor B. Reasons of its rapid growth C.Childrens rights (regarding child labor) D. Number of child laborers E. Working hours IV. Impact of child labor in chi ldrens lives A. Short-term impact B. Long-term impact V. The Economic history of child labor A. Early industrialization and the employment of children B. The Child labor market 1. Supply of child workers 2. Demand of child workers VI. Government agencies and laws A. Government agencies 1. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) 2. Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) 3. Philippine National Police (PNP) B. Non-government agencies 1. Compassion 2. Bantay Bata 163 C.Laws 1. RA 9231 2. RA 9208 VII. Summary VIII. Conclusion IX. Recommendations pic A. Child Laborers We, the researchers, conducted an interview to 12 child laborers based on their personal experiences in savory work activities. The age of the one we interviewed are ranging to 10-16 years old. Almost half of the interviewee is a vendor, second is the ending, and last are the junk trader, eye optomatrist and a dubber which are the least. As the result of the survey, almost all the child laborers said that the y need to work to help their familys survival. For the remaining, they work because they need oney for their school allowances. After the interview, it appears that child laborer had been working from the past 1-3 years. Almost all of them work when there is a free time or if it is weekend. According to the said interview they worked for 3-7 hours a day. It appears that in a 3 out of 12 child laborers, they had experience abused by their own family members. It clarify that all of them are living with their parents. Also, almost all of them are giving their earnings to their parents or guardians and the others for themselves or for their offering. It states that all of the child laborers are still tudying. It had been pointed that almost all the child laborers doesnt have any other job beside their present. Their allowances are ranging from Php 500, which is the highest, and Php 40, which is the least. Child laborers also answer that they want to continue their studies for them to ha ve a better life. After the interview, we concluded that child laborers are working not only from themselves but also to help their family expenses. Moreover, it is obvious that if a child has less hours in school and greater hour for free time they are more attainable to be engaged in work. B. ParentsWe, the researchers, conducted an interview to 4 parents, which their child is engaged to work activities. We asked the parents why their children are working and the result is because their child wanted to help them for their expenses. According to the parents, their child works approximately 8 hours, which is the highest, and 3 hours, which is least. All of the parents answered that it is advantage for the child to work because they lessen the expenses at home. We concluded that parent agreed to their child to work because they help their family. It also helps their child to be matured like Maria Paz D.Gutierrez, a parent of a child laborer, said, Natuto siya sa buhay at magpahalaga sa pera. C. Government officials We, the researchers, conducted an interview to some government official who are Exxon Susmerano, a social worker from DSWD (Department of Social Worker and Development) and Armando Ray Fajardo, a kagawad from barangay Kamuning. According to Armando Ray Fajardo, Here in on our barangay we set feeding programs to those that dont have money to buy food. other is setting seminars to both the children and the parent so that they would gain more knowledges about the issue of child labor. Government officials also not help the child labor victims but also they teach the parent s and children to be aware in child labor. It also said that in some hidden places they had found some cases of child labor. Children are commonly seen as a child prostitute in some KTV bar in Kamuning. It is also said that DOLE has the list of the specific cases regarding to child labor. The interview pointed that child labor victims will have a bad negative for them, they will be matured-minded and they will not enjoy their childhood and they will begin to love their job. They also state that the one who caught employing children will be unished by law based on their crimes they committed. Interviewee also said that there are laws that are concerned to child labor. RI 9262, RA 7610, RA 7658, RA 9231, RA 9208 and RA 9775 are one of the few laws regarding to child labor. We concluded that Government officials help participates to decrease the child labor in our country. Also, they make laws that help children, but for us it is by act to know and not to words if a person wants to help the victims. 1 Weston Englstad, Hoover Elementary School of Iowa City, iowa 2 Zoe Grueskin, Hoower Elementary School of Iowa City, Iowa

American City Life and Rural Life Essay

Was purport in an American urban center better or worse than life on the rear for the average American? Substantiate your answer with facts/examples. (Ch. 18) Does it really make a difference where you live? Is there any change in masss lives if they live in the metropolis or the country? With no pun intended, this is a chicken and egg question do urban and artless residents choose where they want to live based on their lifestyle preferences or do lifestyles change because of the environment? The word Rural is defined by state density which means how many throng are there in a given square mile.Urban areas are defined by the numerate blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile. The life in a city and on a farm has its own pros and cons. Even though my life is in the city (suburban) area, I prefer to live life on a farm. There are contrastive aesthetic experiences between city and farm life. Even the prepositions show the difference-The fa rmer lives ON a farm and the urban friend lives IN a city. The cities attracted people from the countryside looking for higher wages and cultural enlightenment (Brinkley p496).In addition, life in an American City was visualized as an manage for many citizens, an escape from what they considered The Boredom of Rural Life (p. 502). Also, the city was preferred because people can experience the new forms of entertainment, amenities and cultural experiences unavailable in rural areas. commonwealth moved to cities because new forms of transportation made it easier for them to get there. (pg 503) but this also was a cause for increased crowding in the cities. The unemployment rate is also very much higher than in the city.Some differences between city and farm life First of all, countryside is not polluted,so you can breath there fresh air. Besides, the road transaction is much lesser compared to cities, thus you can enjoy silence in the country. You can also relax and go for a nice walk in the forest or in the meadows. What is more important, is that the country people can grow their own fruit and vegetables which are healthier than those you can buy in the greengrocers in the city. Another advantage of country life is it is safer than life in a metropolis.In small towns or villages, crime rate is commonly very low and people need to be afraid of having their house broken into or of being attacked and robbed in the street. In addition, it seems that in the country the affinity between people are more genuine as people are more friendly and open there. On the other hand, divorce rate in rural areas are generally disdain, in part because couples dont move around as much. While incomes tend to be lower in rural counties, the cost of living is also proportionally lower.As they become older, people are tired with the hectic and stressful city life and often decide to move outside the city. All things considering, it is obvious that both country and city life hav e their advantages and disadvantages. Some people find city life more exciting and appealing than small towns but others prefer beauty and tranquility of the countryside, but a lot of people prefer city life because it is much easier. The choice whether to live in a city or country side depends on every persons roughage and preferences.

Coral Bleaching Proposal

red coral bring downs deliver ecosystem services to tourism, fisheries and shoreline protection and often called rainforests of the ocean. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. Coral reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, mirthful and agitated waters. However, coral reefs are fragile ecosystems, partly because they are very sensitive to water temperature.They are under threat from climate change, oceanic acidification, apprehend fishing, cyanide fishing for aquarium fish, overuse of reef resources, and harmful land-use practices, including urban and agricultural runoff and water pollution, which can harm reefs by encouraging otiose algal growth. According to Brian Skoloff of The Christian Science Monitor, If the reefs vanished, experts say, hunger, poverty and political instability could ensue.Since countless sea life depends on the reefs for shelter and protection from predators, the extinction of the reefs would finally create a domino effect that would trickle down to the many human societies that depend on those fish for food and livelihood. There has been a 44% decline over the last 20 years in the Florida Keys, and up to 80% in the Caribbean alone. Coral is very sensitive to changes in seawater. It requires the temperature is moderate barely clean without sewage. As long as there is enough time, coral reefs can naturally recover a little natural damage, and sometimes notwithstanding arrive at the coral reef biological richer.Human activities on coral can cause the pressure of the reef so long and extensive. These pressures may be generated on coral reefs forever. The method of restoring the damage even of coral death is researched into four parts coral Introduction, what is the coral bleaching phenomenon, causing bleaching, and the strategy to save coral bleaching. Coral bleaching caused by the decline in species diversity of coral reef ecosystems, and even affect the entire marine physical system. Once the coral reef is dying, the solid ecosystem out of balance.There are many actual reasons why the maintenance of biological diversity is important. Many resources can be prepared in the coral reef in order to made pharmaceuticals, chemicals and food. Before the coral reef caused serious destruction, many species will be found disappear. No one knows what we destroy, but if we do not stop destroying the coral reef deterioration. The situation will continue, and will lose a lot of value to be discovered. So we want to make a comprehensive conservation and strategies to save disappearing coral.

Unit 11 Child Care Nvq Level 3

Unit 11 Out come 1 Describe what is meant by a compulsory surroundings Environment is the surrounding of a central point it can be split in to three basic categories biological, physical and social. The environment of my c be setting for example is do up biological aspects i. e. my self, my children, my husband, our pet hamsters and the out door plants and trees in the garden, also the children that attend my explosive charge setting. The physical aspects argon the toys, furniture door wall, large garden equipment, buggies safety gates etc. he social environment in my setting is all about the culture, and usance of my setting and the activities and experiences we are involved in and interact with. a positive environment is warm and welcoming, consistent and stable ,safe clean and tidy, where individuals are treated with keep and dignity, they feel welcome and valued, they are able to reach there potential with out fear of harm or mistreatment. Identify regulatory requirements t hat underpin a positive environment for children and girlish people.National standards for under 8s twenty-four hour period wish Early years foundation stage The Early Years account The Childcare Register Out come 3 Explain how to impressively care for children and young peoples skin, hair and teath. Skin care if a child is required to wash in a child care environment it is important that each child has their own individual towel and aspect cloth. This will preclude the spread of any potential infection. It is also important to discuss with parent the care need to ensure that the care provided meets with any pagan /medical necessarily.Skin should only be used with the consent of the parent or care . childrens skin is sensitive when compaired with adults it is aslo thiner, it is important to ensure that after airstream it is dryed well with patting not rubbing as this will avoid agervating any sore areas such as eczema. Hand washing is a very effective way to reduce and pr event illness and infection, hands need to be washed with warm soppy water and dryed properly. Hands should be washed forwards eathing, after using the toilet , after handling animals and after playing out doors and contct with open wounds.Its importat to introduce children to good hand washing habbits as young as possible and to make it an enjoyable activity, as this will help oneself build good habbits in adult hood as children get of age(p) they can often skip the hand washing stage and my need to be remindered to do so and why its important to wash hands. Hair care it is importat to discuss with parents/ cares how often they would likew there childs haor to be washed and how they wish it to be styles.This can depen on my factiour ie type off hair, culture religious beliefs. The of import concers as a care provider is to ensure a watch is kept for head lice these are very small parasites that live on the hair, signs that a child has head lice include itching, small red marks on the scalp where the child has been bitten and white eggs cases on the hair they do not come out with regual brushing. Parents should be inforned asap and the child reasured that they are not dirty.Child need to be treated as soon as posible from discoverty to prevent them from infecting others in the setting. Teeth care Dentists say that the most important part of tooth care happens at residence. Brushing and flossing properly, along with regular dental checkups, can help prevent tooth decay and gum disease. To prevent cavities, you need to remove plaque, the transparent layer of bacteria that coats the teeth. The best way to do this is by brushing your teeth twice a day and flossing at least once a day.Brushing also stimulates the gums, which helps to keep them healthy and prevent gum disease. Brushing and flossing are the most important things that you can do to keep your teeth and gums healthy. Toothpastes contain abrasives, detergents, and foaming agents. Fluoride, the most common active ingredient in toothpaste, is what prevents cavities. So you should forever and a day be sure your toothpaste contains fluoride. Explain how a positive environment and rouitine meet the emotional needs of children and their families.A positive environment and routien is essental to meeting the emotional needs of the children that attend the child care setting, when a chid feels safe and happy in their enviournment they develop confidence to explore what is a round them, through a positive enfivroment and routine children also learn many important social skills such as sharing with others, patience and understand of those differet from them self. the enviornment will stimulate the child to deliver need thing while keep them safe from harm. They can develop at their own pace and meet the mile stone of child hood. finished a possitive environment and routine tailored to the individual needs of the family the emotial needs of the family can be met in that they know there child is well care for and treated with respect and valued as an individual this is very importat especially when a child beguins to attend a new car setting as the parents and cares can get on with their work happy that their child is in good hands. Describe the importance for physical and mental well being of balancing periods of physical activity with rest and quiet time.Out come 4 define the Basic nurtritional requirements of children and young people to ensure a balanced nutriment and meet government guidence children only have small tummies and so need plenty of kilogram calories and nutrients in a small amount of food to ensure they bring forth properly. They can easily get a balanced diet by eating a variety of foods from four main food groups breads, other cereals and potatoes these starchlike foods include pasta and rice, provide energy, fibre, vitamins and minerals.Fruits and vegetables these provide fibre, vitamins and are a source of antioxidants. Milk and dairy f oods these provide calcium for healthy bones and teeth, protein for growth, plus vitamins and minerals. Meat, angle and alternatives these foods include eggs and pulses, provide protein and vitamins and minerals, especially iron. pulses, provide protein and vitamins and minerals, especially iron. Pulses also contain fibre This chart gives a rough guideline to the daily calorie needs of boys and girls at different ages.Kids who are really active may need more those who are inactive may need less. AgeCalories per day BoysGirls 131,2301,165 461,7151,545 7101,9701,740 11142,2201,845 15182,7552,110 Adults2,5501,940 Explain how to establish the different diertary requirements of chilren ands young people. due to the diverse nature of the society we live in to day it is important to establish a good working realtionship with parents/ carers of the children you are goin to be careing for.This is where you will find reams and reams of invaluable information about the children you are expre ssion after for example there like and dislikes, medical conditions etc. This is also where you will be able to find out what kinds of food the children eat at home and are expected to eat in your care setting ie vegitables It is also important to discuss with parents food witch my not be loudly for reasion such as cultural belifes religious practaces, tolerances, allergies and persional chioces.It is important to ensure your awere of the foods each child in your care my and my not eat and to ensure that your meals are made with these in mind. This imformatiuon can be proccessed into an easy to read chart that can be placed in the food preperation are and used for reference when looking for new recipies. This will also ensure that everone invloved with the food preparation for the children in your care setting are kept informed of the approprate diarty requirments for each child in the setting. Describe basic food saftey when providing food and drink to children and young people. -c ooking, eating utensils and work surfaces spotlessly clean before use -wash hands before mournful food -check use by dates -keep perishables in the fridge -keep fridge between0-5degrees Celsius -keep freezer below 18degrees celeries -avoid contact between raw and cooked foods -clean and disinfect food preparation areas regularly Store uncooked meat at bottom of fridge -cover all food when out or defrosting -ensure food is cooked thoroughly and evenly -do not heat up food

Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory

Going back to the previous stages of Sigmund Freuds Psychosexual Theory of Development I have been, I think I have been fixated at my Latency Stage during my elementary years because I was not that free to explore things on my own. I do not mix up with my other grade school friends back then that much. I didnt even play basketb either game with my nearby neighbors thats why until now, I do not know how to play basketball.I and my siblings used to stay at home all day, all night even our parents were not around. We are not allowed to go out of the neighborhood just to roam around and talk around. Maybe this is the reason why I do not know how to socialize totally with other people, keeps me of not being hooked up with some of naughty things and vices. And gets me out of endangerment and trouble in the way.I think I am a well-rounded person already, regardless of being my unsociable behavior wherein I great dealt and I dont easily get involved nor caught up with the jests of my frie nd and when its my turn, they always find me corny and some sift of out-of-the-world guy. But then, I still thank my parents for raising me up like this. In such a way that its only me and my family can experience each other. Its quite selfish though, but I like it that way.

Franklin Roosevelt foreign policies from 1937 to 1941 Essay

To a greater or lesser extent, three factors were involved in explaining U.S response to Japanese and German aggression, economics, field of study security, and democratic values, these factors influenced Franklin Roosevelt foreign policies from 1937 to 1941. Americas Involvement in World War two not only contri stilled in the eventual downfall of Adolph Hitler, but also came at the precise time and moment. Had the United States entered the war any earlier the consequences might have been worse.The U.S. desired to avoid foreign entanglements of all kinds had been an American foreign policy for more a long time. The U.S. was under geographical isolation and it permitted the U.S. to fill up the empty lands of North America free from the nemesis of foreign conflict. As stated in Document D, that the American people cannot put their faith in me without recording my conviction that some form of selective service is the only democratic way in which to secure the trained and competent man power we need for national defence mechanism. This explains how the American people need to formulation with in foreign nations. Also in Document H, shows that if the U.S. focuses on protecting the country, no foreign army will ever attempt to land on American shores.The health of the American economy could not be jeopardized and it was Roosevelts view that the United States would fare well whether Europe went to war or not. For closely of the 1930 the United States traded as openly with Germany and Japan, as it did with any other country. Japan relied on fuel oil and iron until 1941. Germany was one of the United States most all important(p) markets during the 1930, American investments in Germany make upd by forty per cent between 1936 and 1940. The chart from Document G shows the effect of WWII on the American industry and it shows an increase of profits and lower business failures. The real concern of American business was not the rights or wrongs of trading with fascism bu t the fear that commercial rivals such as Japan and Germany would exclude American goods from Europe and Asia altogether.Adolf Hitler, leading the Nazi Party, took power in Germany and eliminated its democratic government. Document C reveals that without democracy, the country will have no power to maintain the illusion of security, and shall have no business, but primitive self-defense. The Allies valued democracy because they are vitally concerned in the defense for freedom.Factors that influenced Franklin Roosevelt foreign policies are economics, national security, and democratic values. Roosevelt lead the United States every step of the way and he did a superb job in bringing America into war. If the principles of democracy mean anything at all, that is enough author for the U.S. to stay out of the war. One of the reasons given was that unless America was directly threatened they had no reason to be involved. This reason was a valid one because it was the American policy to st ay neutral in any affairs not having to with them unless American footing was threatened directly.Sourcehttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIDocumentsAmerican Pageant Book

My Break-up with My Fiancé

Had my fiance and I decided to end our relationship for personal reasons, and were our feelings comparatively usual on the matter, our break-up might not fix been so devastating. The reality of the situation, however, is that my parents directly contributed to the end of our engagement and subsequently, our relationship, which made the experience all the more awful. My fiance and I had been dating for nearly seven months, and I had always maintained a level of secrecy about our relationship with my family, as Ive do with all of my relationships. I simply do not enjoy discussing significant others with them.Then one day my parents sat me down, having heard about my fiance from a mutual friend. They were very upset, my mother especially so, but they did their best to remain calm while they explained plainly how I could no longer see my fiance. My dad was robotic and monotone, and seemed to progeny his cues from my mother, who just sat there glaring at me. Every once in awhile she would speak up and say things to the tune of, We dont know how you could do this to us, or We expected so much more of you, or any number of other cliches parents use to guilt trip their children.After nearly three hours of talking, during which we stormed around the house, my mother and I shouting at each other for brief intervals, and my father leaving several times to take calls (though I suspect he faked them, just needing a break) I finally agreed to stop seeing my fiance. I couldnt believe the words came out of my mouth, or that I even entertained the notion, but bit by bit my mothers banshee-like outbursts and my fathers dead calm wore me down. I have not seen my fiance since.

Why Do We Shop for What We Do Not Need?

Consumer One who delights advertisers by acquiring unnecessary products in accordance with the motto I spend, therefore I am. The Cynics Dictionary alone people shop for things that they do not need. When asking a person why he needlessly goes shopping, a typical answer is because it makes me feel good. In fact, there are many reasons why people, particularly in America, feel compelled to shop, spend, and buy things in an almost mindless automation where the consumer rationalizes the question of need. However, why do we shop for a twentieth pair of shoes? Why shop for another gadget that we superpower need?Why do people spend hours shopping for unaffordable stuff that is merely garnish? Shopping, away from a practical need, is an emotional experience. This very real phenomenon is as serious as it is intriguing to those elicit in this type of behavior. According to Pamela Danziger, a consumer industry consultant, There is a desire to satisfy a need . . . that is the simple a nswer to a profoundly challenging question (27). In clarifying the signification of the word need in Danzigers assertion, it is important to understand that this fundamental aspect pertains to an emotional need quite than a practical one.Further, to help answer this question of why people shop needlessly, merchandising scientists who take up shopper behavior define emotional need as motivators. With this understanding, the question can be addressed What motivates us to shop for what we do not need? * Shopping is fun and kindle Perusing, trying-on, and trying-out dazzling new wares at a pulsing metropolistic-wonderland of modal value departments is an ecstatic experience with its mixture of excitement and adrenaline. Comparable to going to an delight park, it is an occasion where there are people, places, and things to see, do, and . . buy. * Shopping is an escape Dr. Drew Pinsky, a coping strategies specialist at Las Encinas Hospital in Pasadena, California, professes, Shopping is a way of managing unpleasant feelings. Similar to attending a museum or a movie theater, shopping allows us to take our minds off our problems. Time heals and we can give ourselves extensive time at the mall interacting with salespeople as if they are museum guides, or spending a few hours window-shopping as if we are watching it all on the silver screen. Shopping allows us to feel like a eminence Generally, whether we are shopping at a warehouse home improvement store, an uptown fashion mall, or the local car dealership, starry-eyed salespeople roll out the red carpet for prospective buyers. This is real an available fantasy world for an indulging shopper. As shoppers, we can walk into a showroom (as this is our celebrity privilege) greeted by our fans and receive all of the attention we deserve pampered and fussed over, our stardom is at hand.The above emotional motivators are sensible characteristics of shoppers behavior per the findings of extensive research by marketing academics. Gary Witt, Professor of Marketing at Western foreign University, attests, Shoppers do not want your product or service they want . . . a secret room access to their hearts desires. This is now common knowledge among marketing strategists who work with advertisers to appeal to shoppers. In this way, we are incessantly subjected to marketing and advertising designed to entice us to shop and buy.All people, even those with the most resistant of ungenerous psychological mechanisms regarding this behavior, are in some way influenced by the persistent, ubiquitous bombardment of various media and its nitty-gritty of commanding people to shop. In addition, shopping mediums such as catalogs, the internet, and The Home Shopping Network on cable television, intended to offer convenience allowing a devoid of the annoyances of conventional shopping such as parking and disgruntled salespeople, are only defeating to the communal shopper and the emotional experience a shopping elu ding provides.Shopping at home does not compare to the escalatored big-city, big-room department store with its buzzing energy and exciting glamour where a shopper is there seeing and being seen. This is the essence of modern shopping. As a an bodily function in and of itself, shopping is a relatively recent development in which masses of people stake out and seek to moddycoddle their desire to satisfy an emotional need. Shopping provides not just a intend to the necessities of life, but a meaning for life. As cleverly promoted by marketing and advertising, shopping is a pagan condition legitimized as the good life and the American way.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence Essay

Human intelligence service involves many skills such as problem solving, decision making, acquire understanding and reflex actions. Many experts in AI have dreamt of creating forges that can imitate our pitying intelligence. This has conduct to many possibilities however, the field of AI has to be understood from both sides of the coin.On the one hand, artificial intelligence has allowed the design of applications that can explore every part of the world that the tender-hearted cannot visit. For example, in the field of aloofness exploration, artificial intelligences machines explore universe parts that are totally hostile to human beings. Intelligent robots are programmed to excavation mining of fuel. These machines can also measure the depth of the oceans. Some of these ripe machines have replaced human beings in many fields that require manpower, time and money. Often, these tasks are harmful to gentleman and therefore programmed robots save peoples health in a big way.O n the former(a) hand, the establishment of ethics, moral values and standards is difficult when humans are dominated by machines. Any descend of automation cannot create intelligence it is only a human feature. No machine can specify dedication or emotion s at work and we as human beings cannot live in a world that is only surrounded by machines. For example, in hospitality industry, robots cannot replace the care or concern shown by the hospital staff. Therefore, beyond a point, the capabilities of lateral thinking can probably ingest delayed if the daily tasks are just made for power cycle machines.Thanks to artificial intelligence, it is mathematical that a machine can develop areas of knowledge very specific and complicated making the machine can simulate processes which man performs. But we can highlight that it is not achieved yet a machine that can thing like a human. Indeed, this limitation is the fact that human beings are irreplaceable because human beings have anown f eature common sense.

Hy Dairies, Inc. Essay

AnalysisRochelle Beauport an assistant sucker manager for HY Dairies and is one of the few women of color in brand commercializeing management. She played a heavy(p) federal agency in increasing the organizations sales volume, and grocery store share by upward(a) sagging sales of their popular gourmet ice cream. This achievement did not go by un-noticed Rochelles boss, Syd Gilman the vice president of marketing promptly offered Rochelle a forward motion to a lateral position of market research coordinator. Syd justified assigning the position of market research coordinator to Rochelle because it gives her broader experience, and access to high profile work, which would upgrade her career. Syd took the same path to the office of vice president of marketing Rochelle thought this promotion was a demotion in transmission line status and not a route to top management, and an implied assumption of racial inequality. Syd obviously overestimated Rochelles belief of moving to market research coordinator would be the same as his, and now Syds faithlessly consensus effect has threatened Rochelles values and dedication to HY Dairies. ConceptComplexityComplexity is the distinct role or identity that people perceive about themselves to this point Syd did not see himself as stereotyping Rochelle because he did not view the promotion as a negative but rather a preparation for her future with the company. The lack of communication in this case study shows everyone has their perception of things and if you do not open the lines to effective communication you can cause issues within the organization.Self ConceptSelf-concept has a more varied effect on behavior and performance Rochelledefined herself as a person who overcomes challenges, specifically her role controlling a product that directly affected HY Dairies profitability. This opportunity resonated as a restriction in career growth and not an advance in her career in brand management. Ms. Beauport views this refreshful prank that could hurt her career. Without clarity on the position from Syd, Rochelle now examines her self-concept and defines herself as a black woman with no future in brand management. RecommendationsSyd and HY Dairies must be aware of perceptual biases, and to do that, HY Dairies must get by that it exists. In Syds and Rochelles situation, it is obvious that diversity awareness a necessary requirement. This process if implemented, attempts to belittle discrimination, this makes employees aware of systemic discrimination. Awareness of perceptual biases reduces biases by making employees more mindful of their thoughts and actions. HY Dairies should also pick at perceptual biases by increasing self-awareness from this insight, employers have an enhanced understanding of biases in their decisions and behavior. If Syd used self-awareness when considering offering the promotion to Rochelle, he would have displayed authentic leadership and able to explain to Rochelle hi s vision of her in the role of market research coordinator.Discussion QuestionsApply your knowledge of stereotyping and social identityWithin this case study two stereotyping and social identity came into play. The employee identified herself as a minority, feeling as if the job offer was a negative due to her skin color and gender. The employee further tangle she was being stereotyped for being a woman due to the lack of communication from the vice president. If the vice president took the time to explain the reasons for the new job offer and where he saw his employees future, it could have eliminated the feelings his employee snarl. What other perceptual errors are unmingled in this case study Perceptual errors that are apparent in this case study is the employee felt she was being discriminated against due to an experience at her previous employer. She made the assumption that the job offer was a negative when in fact it was a positive.Another perceptual error was the vice pr esident felt he communicated the promotionwell to the employee, when in fact he was very vague in the job offer. He could have explained the reasons behind the promotion, further explaining his previous position and his future goals for her within the organization. What can organizations do to minimize misperception in these types of situations In order to minimize misperception in stereotyping situations an organization must implement effective communication throughout the organization. Implementing programs such as diversity training for all employees, with additional training for supervisors to go through ways to maintain fair employment practices where employees feel comfortable. It is important that all employees are held accountable and if anyone, careless(predicate) of position, violates a policy that there are consequences to ensure employees have faith in the organization and its leadership.

Project Management: Project Failures Sydney Opera House

PROJECT forethought PROJECT FAILURES Sydney opera House CONTENTS Introductionp. 3 Historyp. 3 4 S contendholdersp. 4 7 Stakeholder smorgasbordp. 5 Stakeholder Power/Interest Gridp. 7 Causes for objectify non depresserp. 8-10 Lack of run a take chances worryp. 9 false beatscale and Cost escalationp. 10 Recommendationsp. 10 14 Risk heedp. 11 Forecastingp. 11 12Stakeholder Engagementp. 12 14 Conclusionp. 14 Referencesp. 15 16 Introduction For this assignment the encounter elect to critically analyse its failure is the Sydney opera house House. Critically analysing its failure and its consequences and identifying braggart(a) declargon angiotensin converting enzymeself management procedures made me look into this encounter intensively and evaluate it as a count on failure with a happy end.This assignment will be divided in triad main parts which argon History where it will be explained what the Sydney Opera house is and what was the train of the send off, a Stakeh olders voice where the key stakeholders will be set and discussed, a Project Failure section identifying what bad management procedures were taken and for last there will be a Recommendations section recommending naked procedures to avoid an everyplace budget and over measure device, which this is part of.For the architect Jorg Utzon it is his masterpiece, to Australia as a country it is their representative monument as World Heritage (Design5 final report 2010). Although project business firm director and leaf node atomic number 18 right off happy with the final product it can still be considered as a project failure callable to a huge well over budget and over durationd project with consequences that be still organism repaired, almost 40 old age later. History In 2003 Utzon is awarded with the Pritzker, the architectures Nobel.It was said of Sydney Opera House (from now on in this assignment also know as SOH) that it is unrivalled of the great iconic buildings of the twentieth century (Murray, P. 2004). It all started in 1957 when Utzon were chosen to be the architect for this project. Everything was qualifying according with the project nonwithstanding ii years after the new elected government (not the one that floutd with Utzons project) was getting impatient.More and more companies were creation put into the project (in the final more than 165 companies, suppliers included, contributed to this project) and the addresss were being added and the new government was pressing Utzon as oftentimes as the media trying to cut in monetary values and speed up the project*. They also mulish to change the previous project after its formulation as started and now instead of 2 theatre rooms they wanted 4*.Utzon was losing control of the situation and had an undesirable ram under him. The initial represent was (Aus) 7 million dollars and in the end it has cost (Aus) 102 million dollars and a total of 14 years to be constructed, 6 more tha n it should be*. The Arup, engineers contracted for the engineering part stayed until the end of the project but Utzon left in the end , after formulaing the pileus but not concluding.It was hard to forbear two of the key stakeholders happy, the minister David Hughes and the SOHEC Sydney Opera House Executive Committee so he immovable to quit blaming the first of overleap of cooperation but in fact even the acoustic consultants did not agree amongst each other (Murray, 2004 66) and as a result of all these changes of plans and misunderstandings the Sydney Opera House ideal by three local architects still did not had the proper acoustic, which was the first main factor that contain to a new opera house*.Nowadays the Sydney Opera House is already seen as profitable since its cost was already covered by the revenue made from customers (tourists mainly) but further improvements on accessing conditions were taken. Stakeholders Before going back to the subject it is compulsory to take into account that a failed project is a project that is cancel before completion, never implemented, or damaged in approximately way. Other reasons that why projects fail are an absence of commitment, a bad project organisation and planning, a bad time management, lack of busial control, extra costs among other problems.Among all these reasons the Stakeholders play a big part in the projects that they are involved and sometimes a project can go reproach thinking on decisions taken by these groups. To start this stage of the assignment it is essential to identify the stakeholders all the drug users that directly or collaterally simulate positively or negatively the project. (Polychronakis, 2011) The analysis will be assisted from the article Toward a scheme of a stakeholder identification and salience Defining the principle of whom and what really counts, determine which of the stakeholders hold which of its three belongingss, one can identify stakeholders.Then S takeholders can be analysed by its salience. Explaining briefly the three attributes power enables to act disdain resistance of others, legitimacy is being seen as acting appropriately within context norms and urgency relates to time sensitivity and importance of the stakeholder (Mitchell 1997). Stakeholder Classification Power authentic Urgent Type Stakeholder Classification Power Legitimate Urgent Type NSW Government x x x Definitive Public Works, David Hughes x x Dangerous Utzon x x Dangerous Arup x x preponderantSOHEC x x Dominant Design Team x x symbiotic Engineer Team x x drug-addicted Consultants x x Dependent Suppliers x x Dependent Contractor x x Dependent Hall, Todd, Littlemore (Three architects hired) x x Dependent reflexion Workers x x Dependent Public/Customers x discretional Media x x x Dangerous There are 14 main stakeholders NSW Government croupe be considered the client so its type is definitive, has the power to over ask and the project manager has to press out urgency on keeping him happy.David Hughes Having the role of Public Works minister for the new NSW government he has dealt directly with the project having the power to influence it and as a clients representative has the like urgency status. Is considered Dangerous because although is not definitive (could be replaced for example) he affects directly the project as client representative (pressuring Utzon till he resigned) Utzon Being the project manager and architect he presented the project and intentional it so he has power on the project itself and on the staff.He has an urgent characteristic because he interminably needs to keep on track of the projects milestones and delivery dates. Arup as the engineers company they amaze some power on the project but no urgency at all since they tame when it is told to but is legitimated to act within the norms but couldnt deliberately change anything and was socially accepted. Is supreme b ecause has a key role in the project. SOHEC Although it has the power to demand certain characteristics and has legitimacy in the project it doesnt stand big urgency since it isnt a client but a clients influencer.Good to keep informed. Working staff (remaining stakeholders) They dont have great power but they are dependent on milestones so also they have the urgency to meet expectations. They also have their legitimateness since they depend on each other and need to coordinate their designed areas. Hall, Todd and Littlemore, the three architects that replaced Utzon dont have any power since everything was planned and they only needed to re-design the roof in a way that could grab the foundations.Public/Customers Since they are watching delays and over costs being paid from their taxes they are on the legitimate attribute because they are on the socially accepted and expected demeanors side (Mitchell 1997). Media Has the indirect power of showing a project as a project succes s or failure. Meets the parameters of the legitimate attribute expecting behaviours and has the urgency of being time sensitive (generating news with the project delay). The main stakeholder was the architect, but Utzon was much more concerned with the design aspect earlier than time andcosts objectives, which proved problematic.During the project, Utzon collaborated with Ove Arup, who was in charge of the structure and the engineering term subcontractors were in charge of mechanics, electrics, heating and ventilating, lighting and acoustics. There was no real project manager, but quite an collaboration among Utzon and Arup. The other main stakeholder was the client, the state of New South Wales (Australian government). A executive military commission was created to provide project supervision but the members had no real technical skills.The government eventually became an impediment to the project team by inhibiting changes during the progress of the operationsand thus contri buted to cost overrun and delays. Finally, the public and media was an indirect stakeholder because they were concerned with the projects success. Defining INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS. External stakeholders The external stakeholders can be considered as anyone outside the implementing organisations who could be affected by the projects results.Internal Stakeholders Internal stakeholders are those associated with the process, typically members of the project team or the governance structure. After describing what internal and external stakeholders are, it can be undertake what stakeholders need more attention, or in other words, need to be more satisfied. It is known that its impossible to keep all the stakeholders happy at the same time so the following catch will show that it was essential to keep NSW government and Mr.David Hughes happy (a reminder to show that the simileship between Utzon and David Hughes wasnt hot). The relationship with Arup should be stronger in or der to have a better performance linking departments. As a result (of not insideng it) the roof couldnt match the foundations created by Arup (the roof was too severe for the foundations material) and the total of resources would not be so many times recalculated, it would have minify the time spent and the money wasted. The relation with the media should also be managed better.The relationship between stakeholders was too lucid and what was meant to be a huge partner advertising the project ended up pulling vanquish the project in terms of future customers even of view (customers would be determined by the media and associate the Sydney Opera House negatively). Also the relationship with the SOHEC could be better driven since it was the study beneficiated within the project. They did not pay for it (the government did) and they were represented by the ones that would use it the most but what was go for was turned into despair. POWER dungeon Satisfie d Manage Closely SOHEC NSW Government Arup David Hughes Media Monitor Only Keep Informed Design Team Consultants Engineer Team Suppliers Contractor INTEREST Causes for project failure A project is a set of people and other resources temporarily assembled to reach a specified objective, usually with a fixed budget and with a fixed time period. Projects are generally associated with products or procedures that are being done for the first time or with known procedures that are being altered (Graham 1985).Sidney Opera house was meant to be the entire construction that allied Utzons genius and Arups structural expertise (Murray, P. 2004) but it is necessary to accept the fact that neither of them were a project manager, that just in the 70s started to be another person rather than being an engineer or an arc hitect (the project manager), so Utzons management skills were base on experience and knowledge in his sector rather than in project management itself (lack of planning and management skills), which changes perspectives.While Utzon had a masterpiece perspective, Arup had a task perspective. If they were project managers they would be more oriented to fulfil the stakeholders perspectives and the business by project perspective where they would direction on project investments and bene? ts, which include project results, project success, strategy, pro? t and bene? ts (Bjorn Johs. Kolltvei, 2005). Another main point is the fact of the allowance for the project changes at any time. The Sydney Opera house was supposed to have 2 rooms but ended up having 4 rooms.So it can show some discrepancy between what was wanted (before and after the new government) and what was delivered. In this project particularly the Government has changed so it is hard to say that is someones fault but in fact it had an impact, always petition for changes and putting ram in Utzon. This shows that the agreements between Utzon and the previous Australian Government did not have strong levels of engament with the internal stakeholders (government, Minister, SOHEC).According to the OGC the UK location of Government Commerce, it is essential to have comport organisational boundaries and make water governance arrangements to ensure sustainability and it did not happened in this project, where the pressure was horrendous on Utzon to be used as the responsible for this huge cost and time overrun (and he has his fault because of the massive fail when designing a roof not sustained by its foundations and lack of cooperation with the Arup resulting on a bad choice of the materials for the roof) but Utzon cant be blessed by the recurrent changes asked on the entrances (still eing re-arranged) and the halls, which had really poor acoustic quality. The Sydney Opera House was meant to be one of the six best opera houses in the worldwith a fine concert hall with perfect acoustics (Murray, P. 2004) But at the same time Peter Murray also states that (opera) however, was a minor interest. There were some local groups and the occasional tour from an Italian company but it was it.This shows that a study stakeholder the public was not taken into consideration since the attraction was more international than national, but even there it failed(need to bear in mind that nowadays SOH is more profitable with huge concerts and museum and attraction because it was re-oriented for more than Opera concerts) . The (new concept) of the halls were against the tuneful competition rules (being put side by side) and the acoustic were really poor, so even thou the objectives were delivered they didnt think properly just about its benefits.Nowadays the Sydney Opera House had its changes especially in the access areas, parking and acoustics and now is used for the purpose of concerts and as a museum (tourist attraction). Lack of skills and proven approach to Project management and risk management As it is said, Project management was only highly-developed in the 70s and 80s so the experience took place over the project management science (not really developed during the 50s) so it definitely lacked during the process. Error Margins completely wrong, years and millions more were used and that is the biggest signal of a Project that has failed, when its error margins do not apply.Fortunately the SOH was re-used in order to have Return on Investment but not delivering a project oriented to its benefits is definitely a signal of project failure. The pace of the project did not meet expectations, but those 14 years could have been less. Again the roof was the biggest problem. This has to be related with the lack of processes in place to ensure that all parties have a clear understanding of their roles and responsibilities, and a shared understanding of desired outcomes, key terms and deadlines( Office of Government Commerce, CP0015/01/05).Furthermore the integration of such a big supply chain and still Utzon couldnt estimate the right amount of the right material for its foundations and roof (10%, 20% more resources on the overall budget is what it should be as part of the total budget and those 20% extra would be used for any emergency) shows no ground and interaction with other participants (stakeholders). The entire novel cited before shows lack of understanding. Utzon designed a roof that couldnt match with Arups foundations. Too many tiers, which goes against the prioritisation that is essential in a supply chain.So it crossed over three main causes for a project failure Cost escalation, time escalation (error margins) and disturbance of the core processes (politics). Unrealistic timescale and Cost escalation? In the case of the Sydney Opera House incomplete plans, drawings and a lack of information about the material and the structure of its now -famous roof all added dramatically to the cost. The estimators (consultants, accountants, auditors) didnt make those errors other members of the project team did (Utzon, Arup).When the construction started there was no clearconcept of how the roof might be constructed. Its not that the estimates were wrong its that there was nothing to base the estimates on in the first place. Much of the delay and cost overrun was caused by iteration on roof design and lack of Data, eventually landing on a solution that constructed the roof out of interlocking tiles, but this solution was only discovered after a lot of time and effort. PM effort is coordinated to reach a particular finale or perform some speci? c function. The ? eld demonstrates. . . means-end paradigm with a strong emphasis on discipline, goal seeking and end-item accomplishment (Pollack, J. 2006) this is why Utzon was a great architect and a bad project manager, because in this particular project he missed all these premises. Because of the time (the 50s) some major knowledge cant be used because it is unknown but it can be identified as lack of agile project management, a major failure to engage stakeholders, inappropriate leaders style (Utzon resigned before the project was completed), insufficient procedures (as it was said before relating cost and time escalation).Recommendations Field tells us that projects fail too often because the project scope was not fully appreciated and/or user needs not fully understood. The meaning of a project can be materialized in the Sidney Opera House, but although it was a project, it failed by several reasons. RISK MANAGEMENT The . . . traditional thinking behind a project risk management (PRM) framework is essentially centrist, authoritarian. It . . . assumes that the central project manager knows best (Williams 40, p. 219).Williams suggests that in Project Management participation and empowerment may actually increase risk by cut centralised control. Without an a greement that could make Utzon stick on the project agreed before his risk management couldnt fit in new perspectives from the client like more rooms (halls). Demanding more and asking to reduce time due to the existent delay that was not expected in Utzons margins based on the projects milestones it shows that the pressure pretending to take power from Utzon (led to his resignation) helped to make of this project a failure.So, Risk Management would be one of the main concenteres if I was the Project Manager. Achieving milestones, regular monitoring, evaluating and updating risk management plans and risk registers and maintain risk management processes for the duration of the project. FORECASTING DEALING WITH EXTERNAL MOTIVES Essentially, projects are like organisations. They have project governance, internal management systems, a number of staff, external stakeholders, an external surroundings and goals, objectives and deliverables.However, project delivery in the construction i ndustry comes with a higher degree of uncertainty due to Industrial factors, complexity and changing technologies and uniqueness of projects where time, cost and quality need to be managed, sometimes equally, sometimes differently. Time Quality Cost In this particular case I would set up a standard of quality and add 20% margin error on the budget for resources. With a focus on quality I would make sure that the project would stick on the agreed and every change emanded would have a new budget and time escalation so the Government would think double before demanding. With a focus on quality and the cost already clear-cut (with 20% for resources) the two main problems would be solved (the roof problem and the 50 million (AUS) dollars of cost overrun). Furthermore the time problem would be solved with an exact check point on milestones any delay would be due to external motives like a tropical catastrophe or any alteration decided by the government but they would know in advance the cost and time waste of their decisions directly away instead of just demand alterations.STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT Strategic approach Stakeholder Engagement is designed to take account of all the individuals and groups impacted by the proposed change and achieve a deeper understanding of their various interests. So, as a project manager I would make sure that the 6 principles below would be the foundations of my relation with the stakeholders. Significance deal with issues of significance to stakeholders and the agency. Completeness understand the concerns, views, needs and expectations.Responsiveness respond coherently and appropriately Communication blossom out and effective Transparency clear and agreed information and feedback processes. Collaboration work to seek uncouthly just outcomes where feasible. Inclusiveness recognise, understand and involve stakeholders in the process. Integrity conduct engagement in a manner that fosters mutual respect and trust. (Australian Handbook for citizenship, Stakeholder Engagement Section, Strategic Policy Group, Implementation and Stakeholder Engagement Branch, 2008).Identifying the projects stakeholders, assessing them, and determining how they should be managed is a part of that process. When engaging stakeholder it is needed to identify, prioritise, understand and plan communications with stakeholders. When engaging stakeholder it is needed to identify, prioritise, understand and plan communications with stakeholders. The first and second points are already done with the stakeholder identification and classification above and also the Interest/Power grid designed before. As a reminder, Walker states that, 2003, p. 261).Apart from the stakeholder groups recognisable by their more obvious connection with projects there are clear and major groups that are out of sight but whose cooperation and support is vital for project success(2003, p. 261) so I would manage my tiers (in supply chain for materials) having three (t iers) for different specific materials instead of dealing with hundreds. Understanding stakeholders would be another important thing to start from. Apart from forecasting I believe that is one of the best concepts that have to be incorporated in a project manager preparation to start a project.Asking himself what, who, when is really important and the understanding of the projects deliverables leads to a better understanding of stakeholders needs. That leads to a better collaboration between manager and stakeholders. Mitchell states that making collaboration between influential stakeholders and the project manager happen depends on personal behaviour changes by knowledge workers to not only work collaboratively but also to share knowledge. (Mitchell 2002, p. 59). Understanding Stakeholders leads to good communications.Following its key concerns and follow the Power/Interest grid leads to a good understanding between stakeholders and project manager so all the four steps has to be co -related. Conclusion Sydney Opera House is considered a project failure, failing on the time scale and cost overrun and the quality of it is still being refurbished but it is an international attraction and no tourist wants to miss it when they go to Sydney. Utzon delivered his masterpiece but in a project managers point of view he had his limitations.Bad forecasting, bad planning skills and lack of stakeholder engagement were the main reasons for this project failure and I would have focused on milestones, identifying stakeholders, prioritising necessities and having a clear cost/time perspective and also having a clear risk assessment. References Mitchell, K. (2002), Collaboration and information sacramental manduction an ROI perspective? , The Public Manager, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 59-62 Lock, D. , Project Management, 5th edn. Gower, 1992. Nicholas, J. M. , Management of Business and Engineering Projects. assimilator Hall, 1990.J. K Pinto, J. E Prescot, Variations in critical succe ss factors over the stages in the project life motorbike daybook of Management, 14 (1) (1988), pp. 518 Kerzner H. , In search of excellence in project management. diary of Systems Management, 1987, 3039 David I. Cleland, Lewis R. Ireland (2006). Project Management Strategic Design And Implementation. 5th edn. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 17-35. A RETROSPECTIVE relish AT OUR EVOLVING UNDERSTANDING OF PROJECT SUCCESS Kam Jugdev Ralf Muller Project Management Journal Dec 2005 36, 4 ABI/INFORM Global pg. 19 J.N Wright, Time and budget the twin imperatives of a project sponsor. International Journal of Project Management, 15 3 (1997), pp. 181186 Peter Murray (2004). The Saga Of Sydney Opera House The Dramatic Story Of The Design And Construction Of The Icon Of Modern Australia. Bedford Park Taylor Francis. p3-18. Bjorn Johs. Kolltveit et al. , Perspectives on project management, International Journal of Project Management (2006), doi10. 1016/j. ijproman. 2005. 12. 002 Julien Pollac k, The changing paradigms of project management, International Journal of Project Management (2006), doi10. 016/j. ijproman. 2006. 08. 002 Williams T. Assessing and moving on from the dominant project management discourse in the light of project overruns. IEEE Trans Eng Manage 200552(4)497 Office of Government Commerce, CP0015/01/05, 2004 Field, Tom. (1997). When bad things happen to good projects, CIO magazine, Oct 15, 1997, Vol. 11, 2 pg. 54, 6 pgs. Lynda Bourne and Derek H. T. Walker Visualising and mapping stakeholder influence RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia (2003) Project Management Lectures from week 2 (1st semester) to week 7 (as of 2nd semester)